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Engineering water connectivity defects on nano-scale at proteins and protein interfaces   Project areas: Biophysics Physical Chemistry of Molecules, Liquids and Interfaces, Biophysical Chemistry   Project leaders: Czodrowski, Paul, Prof. Dr. Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14, D-55128 Mainz +49 (0)6131 39 28825 czdopaul[a]uni-mainz.de Stelzl, Lukas, DPhil Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Institute of Physics and Faculty of Biology Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz +49 (0)6131 39 20494 lstelzl[a]uni-mainz.de   Summary Proteins are solvated by water molecules which form water shells around the protein surface. Still water molecules can also penetrate protein cavities such as the binding pocket and are then termed “bound water”. Such bound water molecules can form networks built up by several bound water molecules. The binding of a ligand to a protein cavity or the chemical modification (including post-translational modification) of a protein or its ligands can either displace an individual bound water molecule or ...